Watt Density | What is it?

Watt Density is one of the most critical factors affecting element life and is a useful measure when considering the different types of heating elements. But what is it exactly and how do you calculate it? Watt Density is the heat flux emanating from each square inch of the effective heating area (heating surface) of the element. Watt density, expressed in watts per square inch of heater surface area, determines the heater’s operating temperature for a given set of conditions. It is calculated using the following equation.

Watt Density= element wattage/ 3.14 x element diameter (inches) x heated length (inches)

Example

An 8kW Flange heater has three 0.475″ diameter elements with a “B” dimension of 47 inches and a 2 inch cold end. The watt density is:

0.475 x 3.14 x (47 in. – 2 in.) x 3 (# of elements) x 2 (u-bend) = 403 in2 8,000 Watts ÷ 403 in2 = 20 W/in2

Low Watt Density

If the watt density is too low the heater price will be high. The greatest heater life will come from the lowest watt density practical for the application.

High Watt Density

If watt density is too high this could cause the heater to fail, damage to the equipment, damage to the material being heated, the fluid could carbonize and break down chemically, or the element may burn out.

*Tip: When in doubt between two watt density choices, choose the lower one.

To learn more about how INDEECO can assist you in choosing the best heater for your application, visit us at www.heatrex.com.